Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection
The Richard C. Kessler Reformation Collection was established in 1987, when Richard and Martha Kessler donated their private collection of Reformation imprints and manuscripts to Emory University. These materials were combined with Reformation holdings at the Pitts Theology Library, and an effort was launched to enlarge and sustain this collection in the years to come. An advisory committee of Lutheran laypersons and clergy and of Candler School of Theology faculty and administrators oversees the nurture of the collection and its programs. The Reformation Notes newsletter provides semiannual updates on the growth of the collection, and the Reformation Day at Emory program of music and lectures each October celebrates the collection and its contributions to music, history, and theology. In the sixteenth century the social and theological movements of central Europe, known collectively as the Reformation, critically shaped religion, law, education and other institutions in the West, and their long shadow has extended even to the present. The purpose of the Kessler Collection is to document these changes by collecting print and manuscript materials down to 1570 by Martin Luther (1483-1546) and those whom he influenced or engaged in debate. In this way historians and theologians will be able to hear the full range of voices that were raised in this dynamic period. The holdings of the collection now exceed 4,000 items, a mark approximated by only two other libraries in North America; no American library approaches the Kessler Collection's 1,000+ publications by Luther himself.
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The Duchess
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting two skeletons (= Death) appearing before a duchess in her bed. One skeleton plays the violin, while the other pulls at her bed sheets. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from 2 Kings 1 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Noblewoman
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) beating a drum in front of a noble lady and her admirer. An hourglass, the reminder of human mortality, is in the bottom right corner. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Ruth 1 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Countess
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) placing a necklace of bones around the neck of a countess. An hour-glass, representing time, sits on her table. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 21 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Old Man
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) leading an old man by the hand into an open grave, while playing an instrument. An hourglass, the reminder of human mortality, is behind them. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 17 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Count
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) dressed as a laborer preparing to hit a count with the symbol of his authority: his family coat of arms. The objects and ornaments of his coat of arms are seen scattered on the ground. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Psalms 48 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Knight
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) runing a lance through a knight wearing armor. An hourglass, the reminder of human mortality, lies overturned at their feet. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 34 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Sailor
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) breaking the mast of a ship in a storm as the crew look on in fright. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from 1 Timothy 6 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Merchant
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) pulling on the coat of a merchant selling his wares on a wharf. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 21 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Rich Man
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) filling a basket with coins from a pile on a table surrounded by chests and sacks as a man attempts to send the skeleton away. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Luke 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Astrologer
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) inspecting a skull as an astrologer studies a globe. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Job 38 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Physician
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) visiting a physician and holding out a flask, while holding the hand of an old man with a cane. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Luke 4 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Old Woman
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting two skeletons, representing death, dancing around an old woman. A broken hourglass, representing time, sits on the ground in the lower left-hand corner. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Ecclesiastes 30 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Nun
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a nun kneeling at an altar to pray as a skeleton (= Death) puts out the candles. The nun is distracted from her prayers by a young man sitting on the bed playing a lute. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 14 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Monk
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a monk fleeing from a skeleton (= Death). In the lower left corner, an hourglass sits on the ground as a representation of mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Psalms 106 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Vicar
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) leading a procession with a vicar holding the host in a monstrance. The skeleton rings a bell in his left hand and holds a lantern in his right, while holding an hourglass underneath his arm. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Wisdom of Solomon 7 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Preacher
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a preacher speaking to his congregation as a skeleton (= Death) taps on his shoulder holding an hourglass. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Isaiah 5 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Councillor
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) kneeling below a councillor holding an hourglass, as a beggar approaches the councillor and a demon blows air in the councillor’s ear. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 21 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Advocate
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) holding an hourglass representing mortality above an advocate as he takes payment from another man. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Proverbs 22 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Judge
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a skeleton (= Death) looking over a judge sitting in a chair as it tries to take the rod which symbolizes his authority. Two men stand before the judge: one is seen reaching into his purse to offer a bribe (which the judge appears eager to accept), while the other awaits his sentence. On the floor an hourglass, the reminder of human mortality, has been knocked over. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Amos 2 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Canon
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a canon holding an hourglass as he is led into a building by a skeleton, representing Death. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Matthew 26 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom). -
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The Nobleman
Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543A woodcut depicting a nobleman fighting with a skeleton which represents Death. Behind the nobleman is an hourglass representing human mortality. The woodcut is accompanied by a verse from Psalms 88 translated into French (top) and then reformatted into verse (bottom).